📄 中文摘要
农业施肥后产生的径流中含有可溶性氮和磷物质，这些物质排入河流和湖泊后会引发有害的藻类繁殖和缺氧区。虽然监管机构对硝酸根和磷酸根的最大污染物限值分别设定为1 ppm和0.1 ppm，但合规监测通常依赖于每月的批量采样和实验室分析，导致3-4天的滞后时间。这种时间分辨率不足阻碍了及时的缓解措施，如调整灌溉计划或建设缓冲带。新兴的光子-生物材料传感器技术能够快速、原位地检测溶解物质，集成的光子环谐振器可以转化折射率的变化，从而实现实时监测。
具有人工智能分析的混合光子-石墨烯传感器用于实时农业径流监测
📄 English Summary
**Hybrid Photonic–Graphene Sensors with AI Analytics for Real‑Time Agricultural Runoff Monitoring**
Runoff from fertilized fields contains soluble nitrogen and phosphorus species that, when discharged into rivers and lakes, can trigger harmful algal blooms and hypoxic zones. Regulatory agencies set maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) of 1 ppm for NO₃⁻ and 0.1 ppm for PO₄³⁻, but compliance monitoring typically relies on monthly bulk sampling and laboratory analysis, resulting in lag times of 3–4 days. This inadequate temporal resolution hampers timely mitigation actions, such as adjusting irrigation schedules or constructing buffer strips. Emerging photonic-biomaterial sensor technologies promise rapid, in-situ detection of dissolved species, with integrated photonic ring resonators capable of transducing changes in refractive index for real-time monitoring.