📄 中文摘要
虚构引用是指引用不存在的文献，这种现象与引用不准确（引用真实文献但不支持的论点）和“僵尸”文献（低质量但真实的文献）有所不同。人类长期以来通过打字错误、抄袭或论文工厂产生虚假引用，而大型语言模型（LLMs）则改变了这一现象的规模：一个提示可以生成数十个看似合理但实际上并不存在的引用，这些引用以极小的摩擦流入论文、学位论文和报告中。解决这一问题需要对LLMs的引用生成机制进行深入分析和改进，以确保学术诚信。
为何大型语言模型会虚构不存在的学术引用以及如何阻止这种现象
出处: Why Llms Invent Academic Citations That Don T Exist And How To Stop Them
发布: 2026年2月27日
📄 English Summary
Why Llms Invent Academic Citations That Don T Exist And How To Stop Them
Ghost references refer to citations of non-existent works, distinct from citation unfaithfulness (citing real papers for unsupported claims) and 'zombie' papers (low-quality but real). Humans have long produced bogus references through typos, copying, or paper mills. However, LLMs change the scale of this issue: a single prompt can yield dozens of plausible but non-existent citations that seamlessly integrate into papers, theses, and reports. Addressing this problem requires a thorough analysis and improvement of the citation generation mechanisms of LLMs to ensure academic integrity.