为什么 Stockfish 如此优秀（以及如何编写一个国际象棋引擎）

Stockfish 18 plays chess at an impressive 3759 Elo, surpassing the strongest human players in history. As an open-source project, it is written in approximately 50,000 lines of C++ and can run on any laptop. The article highlights how modern chess engines operate and how NNUE neural networks have transformed the landscape. Additionally, it discusses the design decisions one would need to consider when building a chess engine from scratch. Notably, all engines in the current top ten worldwide are open-source, marking the end of the proprietary era. The 2025 rankings on the CCRL (Chess Computer Rating List) 40/15 time control reflect this trend.